Growing and, in some cases, harvesting plants on a contaminated site as a remediation method is an aesthetically pleasing, solarenergy driven, passive technique that can be used to clean up sites with shallow. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. Phytoremediation of indoor air also opens up new possibilities for human wellbeing. Full utilization of plant resources after they have been used for phytoremediation is an unsolved problem. This technology has been used for hundreds of years to treat human waste, re duce erosion, and protect water quality. Phytoremediation involves growing plants in a contaminated matrix.
Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. Importance of phytoremediation phytoremediation is special application of bioremediation. Phytoremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluent. Phytoremediation refers to the use of plants to remove pollutants from soil and groundwater, or to assist in the degradation of contaminants to a less toxic form.
Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to treat and control wastes in water, soil, and air, is an important part of the new field of ecological engineering. Pdf phytoremediation and plantassisted bioremediation in soil. Finally, a matrix is provided to allow easy screening of the abstracted references. Alternatively, thermal, physical, chemical or microbiological processes can be used to reduce the volume weight of biomass. Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment, destruction, or an extraction technique. List of 10 plants used in phytoremediation health guide net. A plant genetically modified that accumulates pb is especially promising for phytoremediation 2003. Nitroamine compounds differ from nitroaromatics in that they contain nnitro groups.
Pdf phytoremediation is a technology that is based on the combined action of. Phytodegradation, or phytotransformation, is the use of plants to uptake, store and degrade organic pollutants. For a long time, the only way of doing this was incineration. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated. Use of brassica plants in the phytoremediation and. The primer presents some of the advantages and technical. Phytoremediation is the natural ability of certain plants to bioaccumulate, degrade, or render harmless contaminants in soils, water, or air. Phytoremediation can be used to decontaminate large areas without damaging the land. The major problem of environmental concern, facing kano. Some plants are able to extract and concentrate particular elements from the environment, thereby offering a permanent means of. Develop a format that is accessible to epa and state regulators and others who need to evaluate alternate remedial technologies, as well as to site owners, project. Phytoremediation is used for the remediation of metals, radionuclides, pesticides, explosives, fuels, volatile organic compounds vocs and semivolatile organic compounds svocs. Assisting phytoremediation of heavy metals using chemical.
The cleanup technology is defined as the use of green plants to remove, contain, or render harmless such environmental contaminants as heavy metals, trace elements, organic compounds, and radioactive compounds in soil or water. Plant roots take contaminants from the ground into the body of the plant. Pages in category phytoremediation plants the following 41 pages are in this category, out of 41 total. Performance of aquatic plant species for phytoremediation. Phytoremediation resource guide pdf 56 pp, 436 k, 1999, 542b. Also explore the seminar topics paper on phytoremediation with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year chemical engineering chem or ieee chemical btech, be, mtech students for the year 2015 2016. Explore phytoremediation with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. There are three types of phytoremediation processes, including. The uptake, accumulation and degradation of contaminants vary from plant to plant.
Among these, phytoextraction is one of the promising techniques being used for reclaiming the metal polluted soils 1. Phytoremediation seminar report, ppt, pdf for chemical. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie policy. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with metals and. Phytoremediation protecting the environment with plants when dealing with a site contaminated by organic or inorganic substances, traditional methods of site remediation often involve. Phytoremediation is the direct use of living plants for in situ remediation of contaminated soil, sludges, sediments, and ground water through contaminant removal, degradation, or containment. At metals contaminated sites, plants are used either to stabilise or remove the metals from the soil and ground water through mechanisms such as phytoextraction. Because the plants used for phytoremediation now contain high levels of contaminants in their tissues, they have become harmful waste that need to be appropriately disposed of. Moreover, these physiochemical technologies used for soil remediation. Another benefit of phytoextraction is that it is less expensive than any other clean up. Phytoremediation is popular in theory due to its low establishment cost and relative simplicity. The commercial value of metals such as ni, zn, cu or co may encourage the phytoremediation process. Phytoremediation the most important single act of phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is being evaluated at a variety of sites and on myriad contaminants to determine the conditions under which phytoremediation systems are effective in reducing contamination.
Aspen in phytoremediation aspen represent optimal plants for absorption, accumulation, storage, and degradation of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, mercury, pcbs, nitrates, pesticide and herbicide residues, aromatics, wood preservatives, explosives and other wasteproducts. After harvesting, biomass may be processed for extraction and recovery of metals phytomining. Mechanisms used to remediate soils contaminated by heavy metal are. As international journal of molecular sciences has. Compared to other methods used to remove toxic substances from soils, phytoremediation is often less expensive, although it may take a long time. Chelates are used to enhance the phytoextraction of a number of metal contaminants including cd, cu, ni, pb, and zn. In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and contaminant.
Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly, safe and cheap technique used to eliminate pollutants from an environment. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Phytometabolism plants break down toxic material into nontoxic forms. Phytoremediation is a general term used to clean up contaminants using plants, or remediate sites by removing pollutants from soil and water chandra shekar et al 2003. Phytoremediation of copper contaminated water using. A citizens guide to phytoremediation pdf file, 88 kb united states environmental protection agency, technology innovation office. Plants in phytoremediation work on concentrating specific elements, how do we dispose them safely after the remediation process. This green technology that involved tolerant plants has been utilized to clean up soil and ground water from heavy metals and other toxic organic compounds. Tertbutyl alcohol tba is the main metabolite or breakdown product of mtbe. It also provides a brief summary of phytoremediation. Not aware of any trials with native aspen in uk but. Algae are also effective for phytoremediation of metals, for example, charaphytes like chara aculeolata and nitella opaca can be used to remove cadmium, lead, and zinc sooksawat et al. Phytoextraction removes metals or organics from soils by accumulating them in the biomass of plants. Growing and, in some cases, harvesting plants on a contaminated site as a remediation method is an aesthetically.
Phytoremediation is the direct use of living plants for in situ remediation of contaminated soil, sludges, sediments, and ground water through contaminant. Other large companies such as chevron and dupont were also developing phytoremediation technologies. Research focusing specifically on the phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Prominent among this class of explosives is rdx, currently, the most widely used explosive compound frequently used in explosive mixtures with tnt, rdx can be found in ordnance or land mines, as well as in the familiar plastic explosive, composition 4. Lead is highly toxic and can cause neurological problems. Phytoremediation is an emerging cleanup technology for contaminated soils, groundwater, and wastewater that is both lowtech and lowcost. By introducing certain plant species into a drainage or ponding system, cdg has successfully applied phytoremediation solutions as a remedy for a polluted site. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to improve degraded environments. The goal of this report is to examine four ecotypes of vetiver grass including, songkla3, sri lanka, kamphaeng phet2 and surat thani for their ability to grow in soil contaminated with tce and to investigate phytoremediation efficiency of songkla3 and sri lanka. Hence, the aims of the study were to determine the bioaccumulation capacity of e.
In the present study, an attempt to have a comparative assessment of the efficiency of aquatic weeds like typha latifolia, eichhornia crassipes, salvinia molesta and pistia stratiotes to treat the effluents under laboratory conditions. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. Tba is a less widely used gasoline additive, but can also be introduced into gasoline as an impurity in commercialgrade mtbe deeb, scow, and alvarezcohen, 2000. Among the selected species, chara aculeolata showed a better performance by 95 % metal reduction as compared to nitella opaca. Here is a list of 10 plants used in phytoremediation. Research is underway to understand the role of phytoremediation to remediate perchlorate, a contaminant that has been shown to be persistent in surface and. A good example is provided by boraphech, suksabye, kulinfra, konsang, and thiravetyan 2016 who used the popular plant sansevieria spp.
Phytoextraction uses hyperaccumulating plants, like common sunflowers, to take up and store pollutants in stems, roots, and leaves the most frequent method. Phytoremediation as a remediation technology that has been receiving attention lately as the results from field trials indicate a cost savings compared to conventional treatments. Phytoremediation processes rely on the ability of plants to take up andor metabolize pollutants to less toxic substances. Phytoremediation is also a potentially profitable technology as the resulting biomass can be used for heat and energy production in specialized facilities. Therefore the testing of the plants used in phytoremediation is necessary and may support their continuous use in contaminated soils. The ultimate goal is to use plants to reduce the risk of human exposure. The potential of phytoremediation with salix on pyrite ash from. Interest in phytoremediation as a method to solve environmental contamination has been growing rapidly in recent years. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in.
Phytoremediation is a green emerging technology used to remove pollutants from environment components. Phytoremediation phytoremediation plants environmental. Plants used for phytoremediation in sustainable bioremediation treatmentcleanuprestoration projects to contain, degrade, or eliminate transient pollutionwaste andor onsite pollutiontoxins. Traditional methods which are used for cleaning up heavy metal contaminated soil disrupt soil structure and reduce soil productivity, whereas phytoextraction can clean up the soil without causing any kind of harm to soil quality.
The plants used in phytoremediation are generally selected on the basis of their growth rate and. Some algae are characterized by fast growth rate which is an advantage for phytoremediation, but there are also some factors which may limit the. Plant assisted bioremediation, sometimes referred to as a type of phytoremediation, involves the interaction of. It includes festuca arundinacea, apocynum cannabinum, and salix viminalis. Plants are used either to remove or to stabilize hold in place pollution in the soil. Phytoremediation of lead in residential soils in dorchester, ma lead paint was widely used until 1978. Little molecular understanding of plant activities critical to phytoremediation has been achieved, but recent progress in characterizing fe, cd and zn uptake by arabidopsis and yeast mutants indicates strategies for developing transgenic improved phytoremediation cultivars for commercial use. Did you know that plants can be used to address wide spread, low levels of contamination. The aim of the experiment was to identify and genetically modify a.
Some recommended plants which are commonly used in phytoremediation and their. Plants can degrade organic pollutants or contain and stabilize metal contaminants by acting as filters or traps. Phytoremediation techniques in wastewater treatment. In zinc and lead mines typha latifolia and phragmites australis have been successfully used for phytoremediation in china ye et al. This research investigated the possibility of achieving soil cleanup using native plants that also provided aboveground benefits, including wildlife habitat. Phytoremediation is a general term for several ways in which plants are used to remediate sites by removing pollutants from soil and water.
The use of plants in conjunction with plant associated bacteria rhizosphere or. In the 1990s, there were several companies working with phytoremediation, including phytotech, phytoworks, and earthcare. Nowadays, however, this biomass is increasingly used to produce heat and electricity. Hence the objective of this study is to determine the phytoremediation potential of water hyacinth.